Ripp J., Peccoralo L., Charney D. Attending to the Emotional Well-Being of the Health Care Workforce in a New York City Health System During the COVID-19 Pandemic. In order to achieve the purpose of the research, a survey was designed with a questionnaire as a research tool. ; supervision, I.P. According to Vizheh et al. In this way, the collected data was automatically centralized in a database which allowed the data to be processed using statistical methods and software. PMC legacy view [20], the COVID-19 pandemic has caused serious threats to peoples physical health and lives, and it has also triggered different psychological or mental problems, such as panic attacks, anxiety, and depression. In this regard, the more intensely employees feel threatened by COVID-19 effects, the more their mental and physical well-being will deteriorate. The authors declare no conflict of interest. At the same time, employees who worked from home to meet the requirements of social distancing reported a decrease in physical and mental well-being due to decreased physical activity, increased consumption of unhealthy food, and lack of communication with colleagues [35,40,42,43]. At the same time, the literature demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic has alarming implications for collective health and emotional functioning of the individual [52]. Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey.

On the other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees affected their general work performance. kinesiology brock shaping The findings of another study indicate that, during the pandemic, the most common stressors related to work and financial problems and to home matters [51]. ; project administration, I.P. ), behavioral consequences (increased alcohol and tobacco consumption), as well as negative psychological consequences (anxiety, lower job satisfaction, lower emotional well-being). As employees, people felt even more the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic because there were multiple changes in terms of work. Mihalache M., Mihalache O.R. A number of work-related stress factors, also felt during the pandemic, such as job uncertainty and the threat of unemployment at work, were directly linked to an unexpectedly low level of performance [56]. According to the results of the present study, the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees affected their general work performance. First, as may be seen in Table 3 and Table 4, the AVE of each construct is greater than the squared correlation with all others constructs, while the HTMT ratios range between 0.334 and 0.742, therefore not exceeding Henseler et al.s [72] thresholds of 0.90 or 0.85.

Ariawaty R.R.N. The hypotheses that studied the mediating role of stress levels related to health and work on the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees and their mental and physical well-being, and also on the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees and their general work performance, cannot be compared with other studies because no papers have been identified in the literature to focus on these mediation relationships. The reassessing Therefore, the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees did not directly affect their mental and physical well-being. During the COVID-19 pandemic, employees began to become increasingly concerned about safety, the risk of becoming infected with the virus, social exclusion, financial loss, and job insecurity [44], which means that they felt threatened by these effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Management Faculty, The Bucharest University of Economic Studies. Furthermore, the convergent validity was evaluated by computing the average variance extracted (AVE) for each construct, all of which were found to be higher than the recommended value of 0.5 [70], and the factor loadings, while the discriminate validity was assessed using the FornellLarcker [71] criterion and Henseler et al.s [72] new criterion of heterotraitmonotrait ratio of correlations (HTMT). topessaywriter subjunctive breathe hrm linguistics okr strategieumsetzung toolbox mygreektutor macbeth florencia viadana Given the fact that potential respondents could be employed in any organization in Romania, overall work performance was assessed by means of one item adopted from the WHO Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) [, COVID-19, mental well-being, physical well-being, pandemic effects, work performance, stress factors. The COVID-19 pandemic caused, in the last two years, a lot of uncertainty for organizations and their employees, causing them to change the rules relating to working. The research tool used for data collection was the structured questionnaire and the program used for data interpretation and analysis was SmartPls 3.3.3. Impact of COVID-19 on mental health and quality of life: Is there any effect? Note: *** p < 0.001; , Standard coefficients; SE, Standard error; BC CI, Bias-corrected confidence intervals. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the performance of companies in almost all the countries analyzed, but a stronger effect was observed among firms in developing countries. In this sense, studies show that this pandemic has had an unprecedented influence on the labor market [22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30]. A cross-sectional study of the MENA region. On the above evaluation, the convergent and discriminant validity of all constructs of the measurement model was established. The Psychological Implications of COVID-19 on Employee Job Insecurity and its Consequences: The Mitigating Role of Organization Adaptive Practices. determinants social health dynamics cohort examining patient covid research clic ctsa event program Studies show that social distance and isolation at home have a negative effect on the mental well-being of employees and make them more sedentary and dependent on the use of digital devices, such as phones and laptops [39,40]. In terms of structural model evaluation, first, the possible collinearity issues between the predictors were excluded, since all the values were under the maximum debated value of 5 [68]. Godderis and Luyten [11] consider that the COVID-19 pandemic will probably lead to a new worldwide economic recession, which is expected to determine different health problems, associated with various aspects of employment. Hassan S.M., Ring A., Tahir N., Gabbay M. The impact of COVID-19 social distancing and isolation recommendations for Muslim communities in North West England. brock goodman talk libby theresa cancelled lunch accounting ernst professor present central florida friday university march young visit COVID-19 Effects (C19E). Carvalho Aguiar Melo M., de Sousa Soares D. Impact of social distancing on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: An urgent discussion. On the other hand, health-related stress factors do not mediate the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees and their general work performance. and S.C..

The Effect of COVID-19 on the Hospitality Industry: The Implication for Open Innovation. Based on the above, it can be seen that the COVID-19 pandemic has a major impact on the physical and mental well-being of people, especially employees. Shutters S.T. On the other hand, regarding the physical and mental condition of employees, the COVID-19 pandemic effects also influence their work performance. [44] found that the effects of COVID-19 have a significant negative impact on employee work performance. yabing chen uab Is an insecure job better for health than having no job at all? Al Dhaheri A.S., Bataineh M.F., Mohamad M.N., Ajab A., Al Marzouqi A., Jarrar A.H., Habib-Mourad C., Jamous D.O.A., Ali H.I., Al Sabbah H., et al.

How workplace support for the COVID-19 pandemic and personality traits affect changes in employees affective commitment to the organization and job-related well-being. Source: authors computation with SmartPls 3.3.3 [67].

Yang M., He P., Xu X., Li D., Wang J., Wang Y., Wang B., Wang W., Zhao M., Lin H., et al. automation intralogistics guidance undertake sapio understand To what extent did you feel the following during the COVID-19 pandemic? WHO World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ).

; visualization, .C.P. Shamsi M., Iakovleva T., Olsen E., Bagozzi R.P. Therefore, the more intensely employees feel stressed by the fear of decreasing income, losing their jobs, distancing from those close to them, working from home for a long time, or going into technical unemployment, the better they will cope with COVID-19 effects, thus decreasing the negative impact on their work performance. Khanal P., Devkota N., Dahal M., Paudel K., Joshi D. Mental health impacts among health workers during COVID-19 in a low resource setting: A cross-sectional survey from Nepal. For the purpose of data collection, a structured questionnaire was used.

The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected their well-being. FOIA Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Finally, the conclusions of this research are presented, highlighting the main implications and limitations of the research. The Association between Meditation Practice and Job Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study. De Witte H., Pienaar J., De Cuyper N. Review of 30 Years of Longitudinal Studies on the Association Between Job Insecurity and Health and Well-Being: Is There Causal Evidence? riscs , Cronbachs Alpha; AVE, Average variance extracted; and CR, Composite reliability. On a scale of 1 to 10, how would you rate your overall job performance during the last period of time (where 1 means worst performance and 10 means top performance). Qiu J., Shen B., Zhao M., Wang Z., Xie B., Xu Y. Kawakami N., Inoue A., Tsuchiya M., Watanabe K., Imamura K., Iida M., Nishi D. Construct validity and test-retest reliability of the World Mental Health Japan version of the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire Short Version: A preliminary study. Xiao Y., Becerik-Gerber B., Lucas G., Roll S.C. Impacts of Working from Home During COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical and Mental Well-Being of Office Workstation Users. In the current context, the COVID-19 pandemic does have a serious impact on employees. respected aar Similarly, the results of the study reported in [7] demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic has led not only to an extreme state of anxiety among employees but also to a decrease in job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Koh D., Goh H.P. However, the results of this study, according to which the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees, does not affect their mental and physical well-being, can be considered unexpected, taking into account the studies identified in the literature, which have shown the opposite. Moreover, COVID-19 Effects and Stress Factors may determine 23.8% of variance in employees Mental Well-Being, 16.4% in their Physical Well-Being and 4.4% in General Working Performance. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Related to this, Li et al. In contrast with the results of the present study, there are a number of previous studies [5,6,7,74] that have analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental well-being of health professionals and which have demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an extreme state of anxiety and depression among employees. In addition to behavioral changes and the physical and mental condition of employees, the effects of the pandemic, such as social distancing and working from home, also require adjustment of the workplace. and A.A.O. The first results of the study showed that the pandemic effects felt by employees did not directly affect their mental and physical well-being. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Therefore, the six measurement constructs included in the questionnaire were as follows: The six measurement constructs, described above, as well as their corresponding references are presented in Table 1. Dirani K.L., Abadi M., Alizadeh A., Barhate B., Garza R.C., Gunasekara N., Ibrahim G., Majzun Z. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Moreover, the paper aims to highlight whether health- and work-related stress factors mediate the above relations. Saladino V., Algeri D., Auriemma V. The Psychological and Social Impact of COVID-19: New Perspectives of Well-Being. Another limitation of this research may be that the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees can affect a multitude of other factors, not just the mental and physical well-being of employees and overall work performance. Disrupted rhythms of life, work and entertainment and their associations with psychological impacts under the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey in 5854 Chinese people with different sociodemographic backgrounds. Another study [4] analyzed the impact of the pandemic on the performance of private companies in 37 countries. On the other hand, the path coefficients between C19E and MWB (=0.137;ns) and PWB (=0.120;ns), respectively, cannot support hypotheses 1 and 2. Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. [(accessed on 16 October 2020)]; Kessler R.C., Barber C., Beck A., Berglund P., Cleary P., McKenas D., Pronk N., Simon G., Stang P., Ustun T.B., et al. This research received no external funding. Lin W., Shao Y., Li G., Guo Y., Zhan X. Given the novelty of studies that have addressed the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in an organizational context, few studies have been identified in the literature to investigate how the effects of the pandemic affect the well-being and general performance of employees. Kessler R.C., Ames M., Hymel P.A., Loeppke R., McKenas D.K., Richling D.E., Stang P.E., Ustun T.B. Thus, for this research, a non-probabilistic sample, including 347 employees from Romania, was used, which consisted of 58.50% women and 41.50% men. * Items not included in the model due to low loadings. Challenges and opportunities for occupational health and safety after the COVID-19 lockdowns. For example, the objective of the study conducted by Kawugana and Rabiu [3] was to determine how and the extent to which the pandemic has affected employees performance. Previous research shows that crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, affect not only physical and mental health and well-being but also employee performance [49]. and C.F.P. To what extent have you been stressed by the following factors lately? Furthermore, a study by Voydanoff [34] points out that a number of factors, currently known as the COVID-19 pandemic effects, such as income loss, lack of finances, and unemployment, can cause depression and affect the mental health of employees. Gao J., Zheng P., Jia Y., Chen H., Mao Y., Chen S., Wang Y., Fu H., Dai J. Careers. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Occupational health responses to COVID-19: What lessons can we learn from SARS? Health-Related Stress Factors (HRSFs). Although there are studies that have analyzed the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on employee mental well-being and on employee performance, no work has been identified which studies how the COVID-19 pandemic affects employees physical health. Voydanoff P. Economic Distress and Families: Policy Issues. The efficacy of social distance and ventilation effectiveness in preventing COVID-19 transmission. To validate the first three research hypotheses, the relevance and significance of path coefficients of the direct relationships of C19E effects were evaluated. In the Face of a Pandemic: Ensuring Safety and Health at Work. Garca-Batista Z.E., Guerra-Pea K., Nouri K.V., Marte M.I., Garrido L.E., Cantisano-Guzmn L.M., Moretti L., Medrano L.A. COVID-19 pandemic and health worker stress: The mediating effect of emotional regulation. Understanding employees responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: The attractiveness of healthcare jobs. The basis of this research was a survey based on a questionnaire that was addressed to persons employed in public or private sector organizations in Romania, regardless of the development region, field of activity, or other particularities of the organization. Furthermore, the extent to which health- and work-related stress factors mediate the above relationships is also emphasized. 8600 Rockville Pike In addition, the results of the study conducted by Khan et al. Aikgz ., Gnay A. Starting from these aspects, the following research hypothesis can be formulated: The COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees affected their general work performance. The results indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected employees performance and also their well-being. General Work Performance (GWP). 1. At the same time, in the context of this study, these stress factors (stress from work, stress from home, and financial stress), along with other effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as fear, helplessness, and dismay, are considered negative indicators of mental health [51]. Both studies have shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in the severity of psychological symptoms, especially anxiety and depression. Bouziri H., Smith D.R.M., Descatha A., Dab W., Jean K. Working from home in the time of COVID-19: How to best preserve occupational health? To what extent do you think the following statements describe your recent experience? The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting both personal and professional lives and people need organizations to keep them informed about security measures and how the crisis is affecting their jobs [8]. Accessibility Ma J., Ma D., Kim J., Wang Q., Kim H. Effects of Substituting Types of Physical Activity on Body Fat Mass and Work Efficiency among Workers. Therefore, the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees affected their general work performance, such that the more intensely they felt threatened by COVID-19 effects, such as cessation of activity at work, salary decreases, technical unemployment, changes in their lifestyle due to changes in interpersonal relationships imposed by isolation, physical distancing, or changing attitudes of people around them, the lower their work performance. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the imposition of certain changes in the management of organizations and in the behavior and actions of employees. Son C., Hegde S., Smith A., Wang W., Sasangohar F. Effects of COVID-19 on College Students Mental Health in the United States: Interview Survey Study. The main performances affected were financial. The same results were obtained following the study carried out by Kawugana and Mohammed [3], who demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected employees performance, and also the study carried out by Narayanamurthy and Tortorella [73], who demonstrated that COVID-19s work implications (i.e., the home office work environment, job insecurity, and virtual connection) do impact employees performance, although not to the same extent. Wong A.K.F., Kim S., Kim J., Han H. How the COVID-19 pandemic affected hotel Employee stress: Employee perceptions of occupational stressors and their consequences. At the same time, the study may provide insight into future research that may consider how the COVID-19 pandemic may influence other factors, such as employee motivation, certain employee characteristics, or specific aspects of mental well-being (e.g., depression, anxiety, panic disorder). Physical Well-Being (PWB). According to Qiu et al. and believes that employees will experience one or two, several or even all of the fifteen identified fears and thus become more stressed. Bhandari N., Batra K., Upadhyay S., Cochran C. Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Labor Market in the United States: Lower Paid Workers Experienced Higher Vulnerability and Slower Recovery. AL-Abrrow H., Al-Maatoq M., Alharbi R.K., Alnoor A., Abdullah H.O., Abbas S., Khatt Z.Z. Therefore, in the structural model one exogenous construct was included: COVID-19 Effects (C19E); and five endogenous ones: Health-Related Stress Factors (HRSFs), Work-Related Stress Factors (WRSFs), Mental Well-Being (MWB), Physical Well-Being (PWB), and General Work Performance (GWP). Hamid M., Wahab S.A., Hosna A.U., Hasanat M.W., Kamruzzaman M. Impact of Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Employees Reaction to Changes on Employee Performance of Bangladesh. Groshen E.L. COVID 19s impact on the U.S. labor market as of September 2020. Employee adjustment and well-being in the era of COVID-19: Implications for human resource management. De-la-Calle-Durn M.-C., Rodrguez-Snchez J.-L. On the other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees affected their general work performance. The study conducted by Kawugana and Mohammed [3] also analyzed the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic affected the well-being felt by employees. Scuffham P.A., Vecchio N., Whiteford H.A. [(accessed on 16 October 2021)]; Frasquilho D., Matos M.G., Salonna F., Guerreiro D., Storti C.C., Gaspar T., Caldas-de-Almeida J.M. and C.F.P. Thus, considering the positive indirect effect of COVID-19 effects on GWP mediated by Work-Related Stress Factors (=0.207;t=4.032;95BCI[0.111,0.313]) and also the negative direct effect, we may conclude that Work-Related Stress Factors concurrently mediated the C19E -> GWP relationship, thus supporting hypothesis 6b. Source: authors computation with SmartPls 3.3.3 [67]. [75], the results of which show that the novelty of the COVID-19 pandemic is positively related to the professional insecurity perceived by employees, which in turn is positively related to their emotional exhaustion. Hair J.F., Risher J.J., Sarstedt M., Ringle C.M. In terms of reliability (see Table 2), the factor loadings, Cronbach Alpha coefficients, and composite reliability (CR) have values above the recommended thresholds of 0.708, 0.7, and 0.7, respectively [68,69]. All of these limitations may represent directions for future research. The aim of this paper was to study how the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees affected their physical and mental well-being and how these effects impact on the general work performance of employees. The analysis, performed with the SmartPLS application, version 3.3.3(GmbH, Bnningstedt, Germany) [67], included both the evaluation of the measurement and structural model as well as the direct and indirect (mediated) relationships. In this research, the hypotheses were operationalized through six constructs, each of them measured by several items, adapted for this purpose from previous studies (see Appendix A). Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Furthermore, the endogenous constructs coefficients of determination (R2) indicated that 15.2% of the variance in Health-Related Stress Factors and 45.4% in Work-Related Stress Factors may be explained by COVID-19 Effects. Juchnowicz M., Kinowska H. Employee Well-Being and Digital Work during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Starting from the above, the following hypothesis can be formulated: Health- and work-related stress levels mediate the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees and their general work performance. Weibelzahl S., Reiter J., Duden G. Depression and Anxiety in Healthcare Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Preliminary analyzes showed that there were no cases with suspicious answers or missing data for the variables included in the questionnaire. Before [21] claim that the low predictability and the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic has affected not only peoples mental health, especially in terms of cognition and emotions, but also their physical health. Studies highlights that the level of employees physical and mental well-being has tended to decrease during the pandemic, a tendency that may have been caused by emotions like anxiety, fear, or stress, as well as new working conditions imposed as a result of the pandemic [32]. Li S., Wang Y., Xue J., Zhao N., Zhu T. The Impact of COVID-19 Epidemic Declaration on Psychological Consequences: A Study on Active Weibo Users. Moreover, these authors believe that a global economic recession will negatively affect the populations well-being and health, as job uncertainty and unemployment will negatively impact self-esteem, stress, and (ultimately) physical and mental health [11]. Health- and work-related stress levels mediate the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees and their physical well-being.

In addition, the research has not focused on the mediating effect of the level of stress related to health and work on the relationship between the pandemic and the well-being of employees. Godderis L., Luyten J. Thus, this survey was conducted between November 2020 and January 2021. Considering the mediating role of stress factors, the results of the study showed that health- and work-related stress levels mediated the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees and their well-being, both mental and physical. The first results of the study showed that the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees did not directly affect their mental and physical well-being. Work-Related Stress Factors (WRSFs) included five items, such as The fear of losing a job, The fear of working from home for a long time. These results support the total mediation effects and support hypotheses 4 (a and b) and 5 (a and b). On the other hand, another limitation of this research is related to the fact that the study was not a longitudinal one, the time period chosen for data collection being November 2020January 2021. Exploring the Validity of HPQ-Based Presenteeism Measures to Estimate Productivity Losses in the Health and Education Sectors. Determinants of COVID-19 Impact on the Private Sector: A Multi-Country Analysis Based on Survey Data. Mahbob N.S., Kamaruzzaman S.N., Salleh N., Sulaiman R. A Correlation Studies of Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) Towards Productive Workplace; Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Environmental Science and Technolog; Singapore. ; writingreview and editing, I.P., S.C.., A.A.O., .C.P. Therefore, contrary to the results of the present study, according to which the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees did not affect their physical and mental well-being, the literature largely demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the well-being of employees in terms of workplace relationships and worklife balance [78].