Can we get a sense from this data how much energy codes matter? The households ODEX is currently calculated on the basis of 11 household end-uses or appliances2. consumption endobj 396 0 obj <>stream Energy surveys like the. Over 90% of housing space in the US consists of single family homes and low-rise apartment buildings. ResStock can tell us that as well. heating Figure 7: Drivers of household energy consumption at EU level. The warmer climate in 2019 further reduced consumption by 2 Mtoe. Our analysis of energy consumption trends in the building sector based on data from the Odyssee project highlights a break in the trend after 2014 linked to two phenomena: the slowdown in energy efficiency progress after 2014 and the growing importance of behavioural effects in energy consumption. Heres energy use for homes built post 2010 for all different climate regions in the US. Within multifamily, we see the majority of square footage is in smaller buildings - 2 to 4 unit buildings, or buildings 3 stories or less. Differences in energy use come from the fact that single family homes are much larger than multifamily housing. 2016, Directorate general for Internal Policies (European Parliament). energy building buildings use consume half oceans efficiency rise falls 2030 challenge figure daoust matters construction why category james Energy surveys like the Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) tells us how energy use varies from region to region, and across different housing types, but the ResStock data lets us look at different combinations of parameters. islamabad reduction consumption glazing effect buildings residential energy windows area type Figure 2: Energy consumption per dwelling, scaled to the EU average climate. Different quantities that should equal each other dont (for instance, if you divide the total energy use by the total square footage for each building type, you get a different energy use per unit area than the dashboard provides), and it seems to miscount quantities in some locations (it appears to double-count single family attached homes, for instance.) For this reason, the EU has developed a comprehensive regulatory framework based on energy efficiency measures targeting buildings (EPBD, EED, Renovation Wave Strategy). For each of the main end-uses, contrasting trends are observed over time (Figure 4). Lets start with a high-level look at US housing. In future iterations, we hope to better convey the uncertainty graphically. Homes vary by size, age, location, materials, type of building, amount of insulation, number of windows, heating system, and dozens of other parameters, many of which are correlated with each other, all of which affect the energy use and performance of a building. A deep renovation is a refurbishment that reduces both the delivered and the final energy consumption of a building by a significant percentage compared with the pre-renovation levels, leading to a very high energy performance, Boosting Building Renovation: What potential and value for Europe? In Odyssee, an overall energy efficiency index, called "ODEX", aggregates the specific consumption trends by end-use to measure overall energy efficiency progress at sectoral level. And its useful to look at energy breakdown for the country as a whole. Figure 6: Trends in household energy efficiency at EU level, according to ODEX, Heating, water heating, cooking, cooling, lighting, refrigerators, freezers, washing machines, dishwashers, dryer and TVs. Mississippi doesnt have any parts in a hot-dry climate, so well look at the data for mixed humid and try to scale it accordingly. Well also throw into the mix Mississippi, a state with no energy code. The advantage of this approach is to aggregate specific consumption trends initially expressed in different physical units (e.g., toe/m2 for heating, toe/household for water heating and cooking, kWh/household for lighting, kWh/appliance for appliances and cooling)to get as close as possible to the energy efficiency of each technology, through (dimensionless)variation indices. energy residential buildings use commercial end 2006 efficiency united figure . So smaller housing units use more energy per square foot despite using less energy overall. Housing in the US varies widely along a huge number of dimensions. The use of low-performance back-up systems for fuel-poor households: when energy prices are high, fuel-poor households tend to swap their fuel for a directly available and free resource (wood or waste, burnt in open fireplaces with lower efficiency); or for a resource that they can pay for as they use it. both Over 90% of housing space in the US consists of single family homes and low-rise apartment buildings. A more granular breakdown of home electricity use can be found in the, These posts will always remain free, but if you find this work valuable, I encourage you to, . sectors make up another ~18% of the square footage, and the balance goes to mobile and manufactured homes. Housing in the US varies widely along a huge number of dimensions. We see that energy use varies widely from region to region, and that energy for heating is the main factor that affects this. athina gaglia kwh yr consumption increased tells us how energy use varies from region to region, and across different housing types, but the ResStock data lets us look at different combinations of parameters. scheduling It includes everything from passive houses to brutalist and khrushchyovka-style blocks of flats made in the 60 and 70 out of plain concrete and no insulation, some dependent of large-scale waste heat from nearby industry.

Most of that reduction comes from reduced energy used for heating. So lets drill down and look at housing just in a particular climate region. 49% of US residential building floor area was built prior to 1980, and more than 10% was built prior to 1940. So lets take a look and see what we find. Per the model, as of 2018 the US has about 250 billion square feet of residential floor space, spread across about 100 million individual buildings [0]: The majority of that square footage is found in single family homes, which make up a bit over 75% of residential square footage. More details in the, See the Energy Efficiency Directive 2012/27/EU. A further analysis of the decomposition of effects can be done by looking at the average annual effects (climate corrected for heating)for each period (Figure 8). scheduling If you think. Arizona, on the other hand, adopted energy codes much later (it first adopted one in 2009), and has a history of conservative governors restricting jurisdictions from implementing more stringent ones. energy houses efficient making buildings residential endstream endobj startxref ResStock tells us. , a simulation designed to model US residential energy use at a much greater level of detail than had been done previously. For domestic hot water, consumption has also been increasing since 2000, but at a rate that has clearly accelerated since 2014 (around 1%/year)compared to 2000-2014 (almost stable).

The US has more than twice as much housing space in pre-1940 single family homes as it does in large apartment buildings. But energy use per square foot averaged across all US housing is kind of a weird metric. Using this, we can get a super granular (if simulated) look at exactly where energy goes in US homes, and see which parameters affect it. Homes vary by size, age, location, materials, type of building, amount of insulation, number of windows, heating system, and dozens of other parameters, many of which are correlated with each other, all of which affect the energy use and performance of a building. The biggest difference comes from the fact that multifamily housing uses much more electric heating, and less natural gas or fuel oil, than single family homes do. From what I understand, the normal electric hookup in the US is 2x120V, 100A (24KW), there is a move to 200Amps and older homes tend to have 50 Amps lines. Within multifamily, we see the majority of square footage is in smaller buildings - 2 to 4 unit buildings, or buildings 3 stories or less. We see that most building types use energy. building energy residential types demand consumption relation sources reduction sector korea study case buildings Well compare Arizona and California, two states that each have portions in the hot dry climate zone. x][gfg+,mueY{)ATDE@T* %7IL1vE%3Sv=':==-vv. In most cases this bust is in the neighborhood of +- 20%, but in some cases its much larger - manually calculated values for multifamily energy intensity are half that what the dashboard gives, for instance. emissions co2 buildings building consumption responsible global gas much greenhouse architects total , for instance, break down energy use by building type and by age, but if these factors are correlated (which they are), it makes it hard to know which one matters more. How does 1940s housing in the Northeast vary from 2010s housing in the South? Re: messy data, the sample size can get low for some of the rows (you can see the sample count if you hover over each data point; anything less than 100 samples will have higher uncertainty).

One important caveat here is that its very clear that the data in the dashboard is somewhat messy. ResStock takes all this into account. hb```r cb`>3sUO >q0|gZPbafee%.TUY'5V.Nf83et"M iL FGGo @0p`@ >i f=Wpu8_(iR.

Almost all this extra energy use comes from burning fuel on-site. If you instead compare energy per person though, the US looks way worse - we use somewhere in the neighborhood of 38 million Btus per person per year on average, compared to around 23 million in France. Iyr]fY&FG Iv~|7 Xl`|zzB6>a/ 3=k{H1xQ[?e This is partially offset by increased use of energy for cooling, but on balance hot/humid housing still uses just about 60-70% of the energy per square foot that cold climate housing uses (depending on the year.). consumption On behalf of all EU Energy Agencies and of the European Commission, Enerdata has created a database providing unique data on energy consumption by end-use. Other than mobile homes, we dont see a huge amount of variation in energy intensity between different types of housing (single family, multifamily, etc.) The above is just for single family, but we see a roughly similar energy budget across different housing types. These distributions were constructed based on correlations between the various parameters - the distribution of housing ages looks very different in the Northeast than the South, for instance, and the amount of insulation will vary depending on how old your house is. (called out as Electricity: Other in the graph above), at a bit over 25% of housing energy use in modern housing. india energy consumption sectors buildings building residential commercial different naturally ventilated comfort status east north pdf Several aspects can explain this phenomenon: Figure 7 illustrates the impact of the main drivers of household energy consumption. So, for instance, for housing age it assumes there are X number of houses built before 1940, Y built between 1940 and 1950, and so on. 8 countries with a downward trend accelerating after 2014 (Spain, Italy, Poland, Luxembourg, Croatia, Sweden, Denmark, Finland).