In a second phase, we classified these patients according to the level of their parents instruction in 3 groups (primary school diploma, middle school diploma, high school diploma or degree). Even though these restrictive measures decreased the COVID-19 spread, they may have detrimental. This dramatically changes the daily routine of children and adolescents, with a large impact on lifestyle and wellbeing. In addition, a family history of obesity, DM2, high blood pressure and dyslipidaemia is associated with earlier and more severe forms of obesity [23]. The increased sedentary life, the wrong diet and social distancing have stopped the chance of losing weight. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. In fact, the restrictions introduced to limit the spread of the virus had detrimental effects on various lifestyle components. Before the lockdown, the whole population analysed had a mean BMI level of 30.95.4, mean GOT and GPT levels respectively of 20.527.3U/L and 28.425.3U/L, a mean glycemia level of 85,712mg/dl, a mean insulinemia level of 25,114,5 IU/ml, a mean total cholesterol level of 181.432mg/dl, mean HDL and LDL levels respectively of 48.412.8mg/dl and 107.528.6mg/dl and a mean triglyceride level of 108.633.9mg/dl. Google Scholar. We evaluated weight, height, BMI and other biochemical parameters: total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglyceride, transaminases, glycemia and insulinemia. This study evaluated the effects of the first COVID-19 lockdown on eating habits. progress in the field that systematically reviews the most exciting advances in scientific literature.

Poynard T, Ratziu V, et al.

Curr Diab Rep. 2014;14(12):557. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. PubMed The level of BMI after the lockdown didnt have a significant correlation with the other value before the lockdown.

paper provides an outlook on future directions of research or possible applications. No special In fact, the restrictions introduced to limit the spread of the virus had detrimental effects on various lifestyle components, especially in young population. The lockdown effects on a pediatric obese population in the COVID-19 era, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-021-01142-0, https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19%2D%2D-11-march-2020, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/.

No significant difference of meals number was found between the group of parents with elementary school diploma and the group of parents with middle school diploma (60.7 vs 5.31.2, p-value=0.331) (Table1). The aims of this study were to analyse the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the behavior changes in a obese pediatric population and to explore the correlation between the new lifestyle and the level of parental instruction. J Pediatr. Analysing the number of daily meals according to the grade of parents instruction, our data is similar to other studies [25]. Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. Doing the Math: Addressing Social Determinants in Pediatric Obesity, The Research is Clear: Nurture Heart Health Early, When the Scales are Skewed: The Struggle for Equality in Child Weight Outcomes, Routine Cholesterol Tests and Subsequent Change in BMI among Overweight and Obese Children, How Have Rates of Childhood Obesity Changed Amid COVID-19 in 200 Words.

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

Please let us know what you think of our products and services. A Narrative Review, Telehealth: A Useful Tool for the Management of Nutrition and Exercise Programs in Pediatric Obesity in the COVID-19 Era.

2003;61(12):397412. interesting to authors, or important in this field. .node-pilot-grants.pilot-grants-teaser__blue-card { display: none;} The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work

prior to publication.

The study showed an increase of daily meals during COVID-19 lockdown (3.20.4 vs 51, P < 0.001). If the habits change and the higher consumption of junk food persists, in the next months we will be able to witness repercussion also on a biochemical point of view. Conversely, the healthy adult population examined showed an improvement in the quality of the diet in the early phase of the COVID-19 lockdown making us understand that the home confinement was harder for the pediatric population [7].

The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs).

2018;9:187. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00187.

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Moreover, a markable decrease in physical activity levels and an increase in sedentary behavior is associated with weight gain, especially in children with excessive weight. This study aimed to analyze the association between emotional eating and body mass, as well as changes in body mass during the COVID-19 pandemic, within the Polish Adolescents COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study. Telemedicine and telehealth for the management of metabolic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic (23 articles); 3. Hall G, Laddu DR, et al.

permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. Conversely, infection with SARS-CoV-2 can induce diabetes mellitus and, potentially, also obesity in the long term, same as other viral infections.

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The higher consumption of caloric food with a reduction of physical activity shows also in this study a particular attention on a problem of great importance for the future.

Not only the increased sedentary life, the wrong diet and the social distancing have prevented the chance of losing weight, but they also worsened the general life conditions.

Int J Mol Sci. A tale of two pandemics: how will COVID-19 and global trends in physical inactivity and sedentary behavior affect one another?

OECD Health Policy Studies, The Heavy Burden of Obesity. those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). 2022 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-021-01142-0, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-021-01142-0. We aimed to investigate the impact of lockdown on pediatric body weight and body mass index (BMI). volume47, Articlenumber:209 (2021)

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. This study evaluated the effects of the first COVID-19 lockdown on eating habits and body weight in children and adolescents.

Foods. In particular, for some risk categories, such as overweight or obese children, the consequences were greater. March 11, 2020. Nutrients. 2020;28(6):10089. Gurnani M, Birken C, Hamilton J. Childhood obesity: causes, consequences, and management. Referring to the lipids levels, we considered normal values <170mg/dl for total cholesterol, >45mg/dl for HDL, <110mg/dl for LDL, <75mg/dl (0-9years old) and<90mg/dl (10-19years old) for triglyceride.

Messina G, Polito R, Monda V, et al. J Endocrinol Investig.

Vam Buren DJ, Tibbs TL. In particular, children whose parents have primary school diploma ate a greater significant number of meals during the lockdown, compared to those who have parents with secondary school diploma (P=0.0019). The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the implementation of policies that mandate various restrictions on daily life, including social distancing, the closure of public services and schools, and movement limitations.

Lifestyle behavioral changes during lockdown periods in children and adolescents (23 articles); 2.

Based on the declared height and weight before and during the pandemic, the respondents were categorized according to their body mass (malnourished, normal weight, overweight, obese) and changes in body mass during the COVID-19 pandemic (lost weight, no body mass change, gained weight). In addition, we evaluated some of them (20 children) twice from a clinical and laboratory perspective. Kassir R. Risk of COVID-19 for patients with obesity.

All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Unfortunately, the current pandemic didnt provide the possibility to change this situation. 2015;373:130717. A total of 1126 Polish adolescents, aged 1520, were included.

Obesity (Silver Spring). The study described allows us to say that COVID-19 worsens also the situation of overweight and obese pediatric population. In particular, the global OECD data showed for Italy a 4th position for prevalence of overweight and obese children [24] despite being a country of the Mediterranean area with an excellent balanced diet.

The COVID-19 lockdown caused significant changes in everyday life, including in children and adolescents.

However, its also true that the fight against overweight and obesity in the pediatric population is extremely hard but essential for the health condition of future generations and, therefore, the problem cant be overlooked.

We found a change in eating habits with an increase in consumption of sweet packaged snacks (34%) and processed meat (25%), as well as bread, pizza and bakery products (47%). Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. However, clinical studies conducted on children affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection and comorbidity are warranted. Ileana Marina TerruzziDr. Article This study aimed to analyze the association between emotional eating and body mass, as well as changes in body, Stress caused by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may lead to emotional eating which may have a negative impact on the weight status.

statement and Through a large pediatric primary care network, we evaluated the shifting rates of obesity for patients attending visits and explored disparities based on age, race and ethnicity, insurance, and income. Scarmozzino F, Visioli F. Covid-19 and the subsequent lockdown modified dietary habits of almost half the population in an Italian sample. An increasing figure of obesity prevalence is also present in children and adolescents.

Functional role of dietary intervention to improve the outcome of COVID-19: a hypothesis of work. published in the various research areas of the journal.

Even though these restrictive measures decreased the COVID-19 spread, they may have detrimental effects on various lifestyle components such as physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, and dietary habits, influencing the maintenance of weight and contributing to obesity among children and adolescents.

Corica D, Aversa T, Valenzise M, Messina MF, Alibrandi A, De Luca F, et al. prosobee tummy infant enfamil

The mean levels of HDL and LDL were 50.411.6mg/dl and 106.427.5mg/dl before the lockdown and 48.39.3mg/dl and 99.818.5mg/dl after the lockdown.

Help us to further improve by taking part in this short 5 minute survey, Effects of COVID-19 on Lifestyle Behaviors in Children with Obesity, Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals, Body Mass and Emotional Eating: Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ) in the Polish Adolescents COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study, Weight Gain Associated with COVID-19 Lockdown in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, The Effects of COVID-19 on the Eating Habits of Children and Adolescents in Italy: A Pilot Survey Study, Immunonutrition and SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children with Obesity, Combatting Sedentary Behaviors by Delivering Remote Physical Exercise in Children and Adolescents with Obesity in the COVID-19 Era: A Narrative Review, COVID-19 Pandemic as Risk Factors for Excessive Weight Gain in Pediatrics: The Role of Changes in Nutrition Behavior. In this context, the COVID-19 pandemic has only exacerbated all the risk factors [5]. The number of daily meals during the lockdown is significantly higher in the group of parents with elementary school diploma than the one with high school diploma. Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. We all know that obesity is such an important problem that the WHO decided to coin the term globesity. The descriptive analysis didnt show any statistically significant difference as regards the number of daily meals between the three groups before the lockdown.

Through a telephone interview conducted by two doctors and a dietitian after the lockdown, we could evaluate diet, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle changes during the period at home and the level of their parents instruction. We considered borderline values 170-199mg/dl for total cholesterol, 40-45mg/dl for HDL, 110-129mg/dl for LDL, 75-99mg/dl (0-9years old) and 90-129mg/dl (10-19years old) for triglyceride. Prof. Dr. Livio LuziProf.

The online self-administered questionnaire included demographic and anthropometric data (reported weight and height) weight and dietary habit changes during the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy (March to June 2020).

This narrative review aims to describe the role of telehealth as an opportunity in the management of pediatric obesity in the COVID-19 era, and to deliver nutrition and exercise programs for the maintenance of health. Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nutrition, and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Eur J Clin Nutr.

After the lockdown, 20 patients were evaluated again with a mean age of 12.42.6.

Diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents: position paper of the ESPGHAN Hepatology committee.

Vajro P, Lenta S, et al. permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal, 1996-2022 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. Skinner AC, Perrin EM, Moss LA, Skelton JA. Thirty-eight percent of the United States population is constituted by individuals with obesity. Pediatr Obes. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader. A statistical significance was found when the p-value was <0,05. juven nutrition therapuetic powder abbott shipping Sacco, University of Milan, Via Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universit degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano MI, Italy, Deptartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universit degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano MI, Italy, Stress caused by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may lead to emotional eating which may have a negative impact on the weight status. Contrariwise, the increased use of technology led clinicians, teachers, and trainers to maintain relations with obese children/adolescents so as to reduce sedentary behaviors and the associated health risks.

Methods: The systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. Evaluation of insulin sensitivity in clinical practice and in research settings. Intake levels of vitamins D, C, B12, and iron have been demonstrated to be correlated with lower. The absence of a significant correlation between the worsening of biochemical parameters and the lockdown doesnt allow to exclude any long-term consequences. The bidirectional relationship between obesity/diabetes and SARS-CoV-2 infection may partially explain the appearance of long COVID-19 syndrome and its related co-morbidities, such as cognitive dysfunction and cardiopulmonary diseases.

Sama BK, Kaur P, Thind PS, Verma MK, Kaur M, Singh DD. Pediatrics.

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Italian cross-sectional growth charts for height, weight and BMI (2 to 20 yr).

Implications of COVID-19-induced nationwide lockdown on children's behaviour in Punjab, India. It could be explained by the consumption of caloric and high-energy foods probably eaten because of boredom or stress caused by the limitations lockdown-related. Styne DM, Arslanian SA, et al.

Italian Journal of Pediatrics On the contrary, we noticed an increased mean number of meals after the lockdown in the 3 categories that were respectively 60.7 vs 5.31.2 vs 4.41.3 respectively. However, long-term consequences cant be excluded. A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). The lockdown has had bad consequences on good style of lifes maintenance in overweight and obese children.

The impact of COVID-19 epidemic on eating disorders: a longitudinal observation of pre versus post psychopathological features in a sample of patients with eating disorders and a group of healthy controls. In addition, obesity is the most common comorbidity in severe cases of COVID-19, suggesting that immune dysregulation, metabolic unbalance, inadequate nutritional status, and dysbiosis are key factors in the complex mechanistic and clinical interplay between obesity and COVID-19. Changes in diet quality and food security among adults during the COVID-19-related early lockdown: results from NutriQubec. Medrano M, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Oses M, Arenaza L, Amasene M, Labayen I. The inclusion criteria were: chronological age between 2 and 18years, BMI SD>1; the exclusion criteria were genetic and endocrinological cause of obesity, diagnosis of chronic diseases, chronic therapies and smoking. JenssenBP, Kelly M,Powell M, Bouchelle Z, MayneSL, FiksAG,

Its a common belief that doing something now so as to contrast the excess of weight will be helpful in terms of reducing the complications that an obese child might have in the future [26, 27].

Child Care Health Dev. We also found an increase in vegetable, fresh fruit and legume intake (19%), and a reduction in sweet beverage and candy intake.

The mean levels of total cholesterol were 18331.3mg/dl before the lockdown and 167.822.6mg/dl after the lockdown. 2002;56:17180. Before the lockdown, the group had a mean age of 11.63.3, a mean weight of 6819.8kg and a mean height of 14329cm. 2021;64:10810. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020. https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19%2D%2D-11-march-2020.

Another descriptive and comparative analysis has been conducted between the grade of parents instruction (primary school diploma, middle school diploma and high school diploma) and the number of meals per day before and after the lockdown.

Front Endocrinol. As we observed in our study, the number of daily meals during the lockdown has significantly increased (p<0.001). We used Kolmogorov-Smirnovs test to study variables distribution, with a non-parametric approach. We asked how many hours children spent doing various activities such as playing videogames, attending online lessons, watching television, additionally to the number of meals before and after the lockdown per day.

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Due to these reasons, the lifestyle changes constitute a real social alarm. At the end, for fasting insulinemia, we considered pathological values >16.7 IU/ml [19].

Cookies policy. This resulted in augmented levels of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors and a reduced time spent in play outdoors or sport practices. Innate and adaptive immunity, obesity, and SARS-CoV-2 infection (23 articles); 6. Social distancing, the impossibility to stay physically at school or to spend time with other people gave a huge incentive to social inequality and to health problems, including mental and eating disorders [3, 4]. neocate formula infant nutricia supplemental hypoallergenic oz acid amino based iron dha ara count shipping label dialog displays option button

Despite this fact, our study shows that the condition of obese children deserves a deeper attention due to the lockdown. Obesity, along with diabetes mellitus, is a predisposing factor for the development and for adverse outcomes of COVID-19.

M. Valenzise. In this Special Issue, we will unravel the bidirectional relationship between obesity and COVID-19 with a multidisciplinary editorial approach: Endocrinologists (Co-Editor Prof. Livio Luzi), pediatricians (Co-Editor Prof. Dr. Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti), nutritionists (Co-Editor Prof. Ileana Terruzzi), and internists (Co-Editor Dr. Anna Ferrulli) will cover several innovative COVID-19-related aspects of the respective scientific fields.

Nutraceutical interventions for treating adipose tissue dysfunctions, systemic inflammation, and metabolic disturbances in SARS-CoV-2 infection (23 articles); 5.

A random quota sampling was performed within a national sample, and emotional eating was assessed using Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ). 2017;102(3):70957. We also observed that 38 patients (95%) spent less time doing physical activity during the lockdown and 39 patients (97,5%) admitted a longer time spent in sedentary activity than before, such as watching television and playing videogames.